Present Fatalistic Time Perspective Research Articles

The relationship between meaning in life, forgiveness, and gratitude among Polish adults: the mediating role of time perspective

ABSTRACT Two cross-sectional studies were performed to test two competing models in which time perspective orientation mediated the relationship between meaning in life (MIL) and positive resources, such as forgiveness and gratitude, in Polish adults. The results of the first study (N = 170) show that past negative time mediates the relationship between MIL and forgiveness. The second study (N = 218) found MIL to have a significant effect, direct and indirect, on gratitude via a past positive and present fatalistic time perspective. The alternative models were tested, MIL was the outcome variable, and forgiveness and gratitude were independent variables. Our findings show the mediating role of past negative between forgiveness and the presence of meaning, and the role of both positive and negative temporal orientations in the relationship between MIL and gratitude. The multidimensional approach to forgiveness and gratitude and the mediator role of positive and negative time perspectives in MIL can be widely used in psychoeducation and psychotherapy.

시간관이 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향에서 스트레스 대처전략의 매개효과

Objectives In the present study, we examined the mediating effects of the three stress coping strategies(seeking social support, problem-solving coping, and avoidance coping) in the relationship between the five factors of the time perspectives(past-positive time perspective(PP), past negative time-perspective(PN), present hedonistic time perspective(PH), present fatalistic time perspective(PF), future time perspective(F) and PTG in (under) grad-uate students with trauma.
 Methods The self-report questionnaires including Traumatic Events Questionnaire, Zimbardo Time perspective Inventory(ZTPI), Coping Strategy Indicator(CSI), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI) were administered to 303 undergraduate and graduate students(215 women and 88 men).
 Results First, the coping strategy of seeking social support mediated the relationship between past-positive, past-negative, present hedonistic time perspective and PTG respectively. Second, problem-solving coping strat-egy showed significant mediating effects between all time perspectives except for the present hedonistic time perspective and PTG. Finally, there were no significant mediating effects of avoidance coping strategy in the rela-tionship between time perspectives and PTG.
 Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that the role of seeking social support and problem-solving coping strategies is important in the effect of time perspective on post-traumatic growth, and it should be the fo-cus of clinical intervention.

성인 남녀의 시간관이 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향에서 회복탄력성의 매개효과

Objectives This study attempted to verify the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between adult men and women’s time perspective and post-traumatic growth.
 Methods To this end, 450 adult men and women in their 20s and 50s who have experienced past trauma nationwide were analyzed.This study conducted frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis using sps 28.0, and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of resilience in the effect of time views on post-traumatic growth.
 Results The past negative time perspective and the present fatalistic time perspective showed a negative correlation with recovery elasticity, no significant correlation with post-traumatic growth, and post-traumatic growth showed a static correlation with recovery elasticity. In addition, the higher the past positive time perspective, present hedonistic time perspective, and future time perspective, the higher the post-traumatic growth, and resilience partially mediated the relationship between past positive time perspective, present hedonistic time perspective, and future time perspective.
 Conclusions These results suggest that time perspective are an important factor in predicting post-traumatic growth and that resilience can effectively increase the level of post-traumatic growth, and based on the relationship between these variables, it can be a basic data to help people suffering from negative changes after experiencing trauma.

Exploring Deviation from Time Perspective in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Comparative Analysis in the Clinical Context.

Objective: A growing body of research stresses the effect of time perspective (TP) on the genesis and maintenance of psychological disorders. However, the variations in the TP configuration of individuals with different disorders have not yet been completely investigated. We aimed to compare the differences in TP among patients with three common psychiatric disorders. Method : We recruited 30 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 30 with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 30 with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Participants completed Zimbardo's Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). The one-way MANOVA was utilized for the comparison of TP dimensions among the three disordered groups. Results: The results showed that TP was significantly affected in all three clinical groups. The effect of the disorder on time perspective was significant for Past Negative (PN) (F (2, 84) = 11.86, P < 0.01), Past Positive (PP) (F (2, 84) = 6.66, P < 0.01), Present Fatalistic (PF) (F (2, 84) = 7.08, P < 0.01) and Future (F) (F (2, 84) = 26.40, P < 0.01), but not for Present Hedonistic (PH). The findings revealed that the MDD group scored the highest on PN, with the GAD group scoring higher than the OCD group. The GAD and OCD groups reported higher PP than the MDD group. In addition, the MDD group scored higher than both the GAD and OCD groups on PF. Finally, the GAD patients reported higher scores than both the MDD and OCD patients on the F dimension, while the OCD patients scored higher than the MDD patients. Conclusion: Individuals with MDD tend to obtain higher scores in PN and PF time perspective, whereas those with GAD and OCD showed higher PP and F scores. These findings demonstrate the significance of examining TP in clinical patients and prompt further research into the association between TP and the disorders being studied. Perspectives on therapy are also explored.

Time in a Virtual World: Facebook Intrusion, Time Perspective, and Contents of Facebook Narratives

Online social networking sites are places where users spend a lot of their time and leave a huge number of narratives. In the virtual world of Facebook, moving in a space is limited to only a slight hand movement. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of Facebook intrusion, time perspective, and the contents of Facebook narratives. The participants were 83 Polish Facebook users, aged 18 to 62 years. We used the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program. The results suggest that Facebook intrusion is connected with the low future perspective of Facebook users. Moreover, the stronger the Facebook intrusion, the more swear words in Facebook narratives. There were significant positive relationships between a present fatalistic time perspective and words expressing aggression in Facebook narratives. The results were interpreted in the context of the theory of embodied cognition.

Network analysis of time perspective and its interaction with internet gaming disorder in college students

Time perspective (TP) is a significant factor in the development of gaming disorder (GD), alongside self-esteem, social support, depression, and anxiety. However, the interactions between TP and these risk factors in influencing GD remain unclear. This study utilized network analysis to investigate the intercorrelations between TP and other risk factors and compared these intercorrelations between high-risk and low-risk gaming subgroups consisting of 605 college students who completed self-reported questionnaires. The findings highlighted the central roles of past negative TP and perceived social support from others in the network, as they exhibited the highest strength and expected influence centrality. Additionally, individuals at high risk for GD displayed weaker network strength and a distinct network structure compared to their low-risk counterparts, indicating compromised network stability and connection tightness. Notably, they exhibited reduced connections with present hedonistic and present fatalistic TP, as well as perceived social support from family and friends. These findings underscore the significance of addressing past negative experiences and an excessive focus on the present while expanding social support beyond online sources, in the clinical management of GD. Targeted interventions that target specific nodes in the network have the potential to improve treatment outcomes for individuals with GD.

Time Perspective and Decision-Making: A Study on Decisional Patterns in Argentinian Adults

The first aim of this study was to adapt the MDMQ to Argentinian Spanish and to collect evidence of its validity and reliability; the second was to determine if time perspectives were adequate predictors of decisionmaking styles. A first sample of 536 participants served in the validation process; a second sample of 209 individuals who completed the mdmq and the Brief Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was used to conduct descriptive-correlational and regression analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated a four-factor model with adequate internal consistency for each subscale. Regression analyses showed that future time perspective positively predicted the display of higher vigilant coping patterns —adaptive and rational decision-making style—. Meanwhile, less futuretime- oriented people were more likely to engage in defensive avoidance mechanisms to reach a decision. Past-negative and present-fatalistic time perspectives were positive predictors of non-vigilant decisionmaking style. It indicates that individuals with an aversive vision over their past experiences and present situation are more likely to engage in emotionally based and avoidant decision-making patterns. These findings support the reliability and construct-related validity of the MDMQ for assessing decision-making styles among Argentinian individuals and set a step for conducting more in-depth research in the field of decisionmaking and time perspective.

Time perspective and self-stigma in schizophrenia

Background Time perspective (TP) offers a new understanding of human personality, postulating that there are individual differences in how our mind assigns our experiences to different time categories. This concept may shed new light on the role of personality traits in shaping vulnerability to the internalized stigma. Aim In this paper we propose a novel approach to clarifying the underpinning of self-stigma by empirically exploring its links with TP. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study among 86 patients with ICD-10 diagnoses of paranoid schizophrenia to validate the predictive role of TP for self-stigma. We used the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Results We found significant positive correlations of self-stigma with Past-Negative, Future-Negative and Present-Fatalistic TP categories and negative correlation with the Future-Positive category. The hierarchical regression analyses revealed that two TP categories and Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP) are significant predictors of self-stigma over and above sociodemographic and clinical control variables. Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis that TP opens new possibilities to understand proneness or resistance to self-stigmatization, and this may provide a basis for novel approaches to anti-self-stigma interventions.

The Mediating Role of Time Perspective in the Relationship between Chronotype and Suicide in Bipolar Disorder.

(1) Background: Suicide in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is related to the chronotype of the person from a biological perspective. However, it is not known whether there is a relationship between suicide and psychological time in BD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between time perspective (TP) and suicide and the effect of TP on the relationship between suicide and chronotype in euthymic patients with BD. (2) Methods: We included 150 BD patients and 84 healthy controls in this cross-sectional study. We administered the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), and Morning-Evening Questionnaire (MEQ). (3) Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the median scores of past negative TP, present fatalistic TP, future TP, and MEQ total score (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.010, and p = 0.020, respectively). There was a significant correlation between past negative TP, future TP, MEQ scores, and BSSI scores in the patient group (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.018, and p = 0.028, respectively). An inverse and significant relationship between the MEQ total score and BSSI score and TP types had a mediator role in this relationship. (4) Conclusions: Our study shows that TP, which evaluates time from a psychological perspective, has a direct relationship with suicidal ideation and a mediating role in the relationship between chronotype and suicide. According to our results, we can conclude that ZTPI can also be used to evaluate the risk of suicidality in patients with BD. Appropriate therapy methods for TP may help to prevent some suicide attempts.

The roles of individual differences in time perspective, promotion focus, and innovativeness: Testing technology acceptance model.

The goal of this study is to examine the roles of Zimbardo's time perspective along with other individual differences such as promotion focus and innovativeness in perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward SNSs (social networking sites) in the technology acceptance model (TAM). A total of 234 participants joined this online study in South Korea. As predicted, past positive time perspective (TP) positively affected promotion focus and innovativeness, whereas past negative TP negatively affected them. Present hedonic TP positively affected innovativeness, and present fatalistic TP negatively affected promotion focus each. Future TP also positively related to promotion focus and innovativeness. In addition, simple and serial mediation effects of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness independently and sequentially mediated the impact of TP on attitude toward SNSs. By considering TP along with promotion focus and innovativeness in conjunction with beliefs in the TAM, this study identifies psychological underpinnings of how individual differences affect technology adoption attitude and behavior. Research implications and future research suggestions will be discussed in detail.

IS TIME PERSPECTIVE A PREDICTOR FOR EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS?

BackgroundThe construct of time perspective (TP) describes how people experience the past, the present, and the future (Lewin, 1951; Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). TP does also affect expectations and goals towards the future (Zimbardo & Boyd, 2008). To measure TP, Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) developed the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). In newer developments of this questionnaire (e.g., Kostal et al., 2015), 6 dimensions of time perspective are distinguished: past-negative (e.g., “I often think of what I should have done differently in my life”), past-positive (e.g., “It gives me pleasure to think about my past”), present-fatalistic (e.g., “Since whatever will be will be, it doesn’t really matter what I do”), present-hedonistic (e.g., “I take risks to put excitement in my life”), future-negative (e.g., “To think about my future makes me sad”), and future-positive (e.g., “I complete projects on time by making steady progress”). Several correlation analyses have been done confirming relationships between TP and other relevant psychological variables, like, for example, depression and neuroticism (van Beek et al., 2011), mental health (Gilbert & Sifers, 2011), well-being (Zhang et al., 2013), and substance abuse (Barnett et al., 2013). However, rarely, if ever, has been investigated whether TP is related to educational aspirations. Since educational aspirations entail expectations or wishes of an individual in regard to her or his future academic achievements (Klapproth, 2020), it seems reasonable to assume that a high level of educational aspirations would correspond with a high level of positive time perspective. Similarly, educational aspirations should negatively relate to present (both fatalistic and hedonistic) time perspective.Subjects and MethodsIn the present study, N = 134 undergraduates (73.9 % female, mean age = 22.1 years, SD = 3.6), enrolled in a psychology study program in a German university, participated and provided information about their educational aspirations and their time perspective. Aspirations were measured by the participants’ wishes (idealistic aspirations) and expectations (realistic aspirations) about their final grades and their further academic career. TP was assessed by the administration of the ZTPI scale (Kostal et al., 2015).ResultsBivariate correlation analyses showed a significant negative relationship between the expected final grade and future-positive TP, r = -.18, p = .037, a significant positive relationship between the expected final grade and future-negative TP, r = .17, p = .049, and a significant negative relationship between expecting a doctoral degree and present-fatalistic TP, r = -.28, p = .001. All further correlations were not significant.ConclusionsThe results show that whereas realistic educational aspirations had some relationships with TP, idealistic aspirations were not related to TP. This result suggests that TP is a personality variable affecting (realistic) expectations more than (idealistic) wishes. Moreover, it can be assumed from the results obtained that educational careers, which largely depend on educational aspirations, are constrained by TP. Students who are positively oriented towards the future are more likely to develop high level aspirations and therefore may be more successful in the future in terms of grades and educational outcomes.

Educating students about time perspective and its effect on subjective well-being

Four hundred and twelve secondary school students in Hong Kong responded to the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS) to examine the relationship between time perspective and subjective well-being. Past-Positive, Present-Hedonistic, and Future time perspectives predicted higher levels of subjective well-being, whereas Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives predicted lower levels of subjective well-being. Of the 412 students, 149 volunteered to take part in an intervention to optimise their time perspectives. After coarsened exact matching was applied, the results showed that the intervention optimised students’ time perspective profile with a significant increase in Present-Hedonistic time perspective and reduction in Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives. It also led to a significant increase in positive affect, past and future life satisfaction for the students in the experimental group compared with those in the control group.

Associations among sleep-wake rhythm characteristics, time perspective and psycho-emotional state during COVID-19 isolation

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations among time perspective, sleep-wake rhythm characteristics, and psycho-emotional state during COVID-19 isolation. The study was carried out from April 17 to 14 June 2020and involved 844 people aged 17 to 26 years (average age: 19.4 ± 1.8 years, women: 79.4%). Each study participant filled out the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. There were significant changes in the sleep characteristics during isolation: sleep duration increased by 56 minutes, sleep efficiency decreased by 2.4%, sleep phase delayed by 53 minutes, while social jetlag decreased by 77 minutes. Individuals with balanced, future, and past positive time perspective had better sleep characteristics, and were less likely to exhibit symptoms of depression. Persons with past negative, present hedonistic and present fatalistic time perspective were more likely to have worse sleep characteristics, and exhibited signs of depression. The results of the study indicate that persons focused on long-term planning for their lives generally endured the COVID-19 isolation more easily.

Do time perspectives moderate the effects of gratitude, savoring and prioritizing positivity on well-being? A test of the temporal match-mismatch model

Gratitude, savoring and prioritizing positivity are well-established well-being boosters (WBBs). Burzynska and Stolarski (2020) noted that each of them has a distinct temporal reference: gratitude builds upon the past, savoring refers to the present, whereas prioritizing positivity refers to the future. Their conceptual match-mismatch model posits that a cohesion between one's time perspectives (TPs) and their tendency to use particular WBBs fosters well-being. For instance, gratitude exerts greater influence on well-being if accompanied by a warm, sentimental view of the past. In two studies, we empirically tested the match-mismatch model. Participants (N = 451 and N = 205) completed measures of TPs, WBBs, and well-being. Moderation analyses provided no evidence for synergistic effects of the match between ‘positive’ TPs and respective WBBs in predicting well-being, undermining the match-mismatch model. Interestingly, the interaction between future-positive TP and prioritizing positivity proved opposite to hypothesized, whereas present-hedonistic TP enhanced the effect of prioritizing positivity on well-being. Moreover, interactions between past-negative TP and gratitude, present-fatalistic TP and savoring, and future-negative TP and prioritizing positivity predicted well-being, showing that WBBs may allow to compensate for the undesirable effects of the ‘negative’ TPs. Alternative models proposed by Stolarski and Burzynska may better illustrate the interplay between WBBs and TPs.

Perceived Career Barriers Scale: Validation for a Lithuanian Sample

 Career is undoubtedly an essential part of people’s lives. Unfortunately, career development does not necessarily go smoothly because various circumstances, such as career barriers, might constrain career development. Therefore, it is important to have valid and reliable instruments that help evaluate and understand this phenomenon. The current study aimed to test the validity of the Lithuanian version of the Perceived career barriers scale. The sample included 382 participants aged from 18 to 63 years (M = 37.5 years, SD = 13.6). Two hundred twenty-six of the participants were females, 155 were males, and one did not disclose their gender. The Perceived Career Barriers Scale was translated from the German language using the back translation technique. Its construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results also showed that the scale is reliable. Convergent validity of the scale was also confirmed – perceived career barriers correlated with career self-efficacy, Past Negative time perspective, Present Fatalistic time perspective, and Future Negative time perspective. The Perceived Career Barriers Scale may be used for further research, although it is recommended to conduct a more comprehensive validity evaluation.

The Positive Side of Maximization: Linking Maximization Tendency With Meaning in Life Through Time Perspectives.

The negative influence of maximization on well-being, that is, the maximization paradox, has received increased attention. However, few studies have shown the link between maximization tendency and meaning in life, which is one type of well-being, and no empirical literature has examined the mechanisms between them. We conducted an online survey in China to test the relationship between maximization tendency and meaning in life. Participants (N=2,987) were invited to report their maximization, time perspective, meaning in life, and other control variables and demographic variables. Multi-mediation path analysis was adopted in the data analysis. The results revealed that maximization was positively associated with meaning in life, which confirmed the positive aspect of the maximization tendency. Further analyses indicated that the time perspectives of past-positive and future mediated the positive relationship between maximization and meaning in life. In contrast, a present-fatalistic time perspective was a suppressor in the positive relationship. Our findings suggest that the maximization tendency has a positive aspect rather than the overall maximization paradox. An important means of elevating meaning in life is to encourage the time perspective of past-positive and future-oriented and reduce the present-fatalistic time perspective.

Perceived Stress as A Mediator in The Relationship between Time Perspectives and Alcohol Consumption

Heavy drinking is injurious to health and may even lead to death. Previous studies showed that Past-Negative, Present-Fatalistic, and Future time perspectives influence alcohol consumption; however, this study presents evidence that contradicts these claims. Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional model of stress and coping explains that cognitive processes, such as perceived stress, are responsible for individual choices of coping strategies or decision to consume alcoholic beverages. Personal factors also influence time perspectives. This study applies the aforementioned model to hypothesize that the relationship between time perspectives and alcohol consumption is mediated by perceived stress. A total of 307 participants aged 18–22 years (late adolescence) who were habitual consumers of alcohol participated in this study. Mediation analysis was employed and it was revealed that perceived stress did not mediate the relationship between Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives and alcohol consumption. However, perceived stress was found to be a mediator in the relationship between Future time perspective and alcohol consumption. To summarize, dominant Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives can cause alcohol consumption in individuals who possess specific characteristics. Conversely, stress can precipitate alcohol consumption for individuals evincing the Future time perspective.

Purchasing insurance – the roles of individual differences in time perspectives and regulatory foci

ABSTRACT Objective The present studies focused on the role of time perspectives (TPs) and regulatory foci (promotion and prevention) in explaining people’s purchases of car, accident, home, life, and travel insurance. Method Two correlational studies on nationwide Polish samples (N = 1,093 and N = 1,047) were conducted. Results The first study showed that, after controlling for age and sex, higher levels of Future TP and lower levels of Past Negative TP were related to the propensity to make voluntary purchases of car, life, home, and accident insurance. Higher levels of Present Hedonistic TP and lower levels of Present Fatalistic TP were related to the propensity to buy travel insurance. The second study identified significant positive roles of both promotion and prevention regulatory foci in explaining people’s possession of all five types of insurance considered. Conclusions TPs (mainly Future and Past Negative) and regulatory foci (promotion and prevention) seem to be important in explaining people’s insurance-related behaviours. KEY POINTS What is already known about the topic? Insurance decisions are influenced by many psychological variables, e.g., social norms, previous personal experience, emotions and cognitive biases and heuristics Future time oriented individuals focus on future consequences of today decisions and have a greater propensity to save and to invest money Prevention focused individuals try to avoid the negative consequences of unexpected event, so they prefer to invest in financial tools which are characterized by minimal risk What this topic adds? People declaring possession of car, life, home and accident insurance policies were characterized by lower levels of past negative TP and higher levels of future TP than those not possessing such policies Individuals declaring possession of all types of insurance (life, accident, car, home, and travel) were more prevention oriented than those not having such insurance Individuals declaring possession of all types of insurance (life, accident, car, home, and travel) were more promotion oriented than those not having such insurance

Differences in the Psychological Profiles of Elite and Non-elite Athletes.

One of the main goals of sport psychology is to identify those psychological factors that are relevant for sport performance as well as possibilities of their development. The aim of the study was to determine whether the set of specific psychological characteristics [generalized self-efficacy, time perspective, emotional intelligence (EI), general achievement motivation, and personality dimensions] makes the distinction between athletes based on their (non)-participation in the senior national team, that is, their belonging to the subsample of elite or non-elite athletes depending on this criterion. According to the group centroids it can be said that elite athletes are characterized by a positive high score in self-efficacy, emotionality, present fatalistic time perspective, past positive time perspective, and openness to experience. They are also characterized by low past negative time perspective, emotional competence, and future time perspective. Non-elite athletes have the opposite traits. The results have been discussed in the context of their application in the process of talent selection and development in sport as well as the development of life skills in athletes.

Time perspective and Facebook addiction: The moderating role of neuroticism

The present paper verified the hypothesis that neuroticism moderates the relationship between past-negative or present-fatalistic time perspectives and Facebook addiction. A sample of 248 Facebook users (Female: 66%, mean age: 21.5 years) filled the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventor and the Facebook Addiction Italian Questionnaire. Two hierarchical regression analyses tested a moderator model in which time perspectives have been defined as independent variables, Facebook addiction as dependent variables, and neuroticism as moderator. Gender and age were introduced in the model as covariates. Results show that past-negative significantly predicts Facebook addiction through the moderation effect of neuroticism. Individuals with a low negative temporal orientation to the past have low levels of Facebook addiction; however, even in the presence of low negative temporal orientation, high neuroticism fosters Facebook addiction. Individuals with a present-fatalistic time perspective evidenced high levels of Facebook addiction, but neuroticism had no moderating role. Peculiar associations between past-negative time perspective with neuroticism as a trait-insecure personality trait in determining social media addiction such as Facebook addiction were theoretically discussed. Practical implications of the study related to the development of clinical and prevention programs for social media addiction based, for instance, on the Time Therapy aimed at balancing past, present, and future, and at switching the focus from negative to positive, are finally highlighted.